Athlete Ally Calls on World Rugby to Adopt Transgender Inclusive Participation Policies

Nov 1, 2017 | By Athlete Ally

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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Contact: Taylor Carr/ taylor.carr@athleteally.org

Athlete Ally Publishes Open Letter to World Rugby Calling for Update to Transgender Participation Policies

Nearly 375 members of the international rugby community joined Athlete Ally in an effort to make rugby inclusive for transgender athletes.

New York (November 1^st, 2017) – Today, Athlete Ally, and nearly 375 members of the international rugby community call on World Rugby to stand with its transgender athletes and immediately adopt the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 policies related to the participation of transgender athletes in the sport.

Current World Rugby policies require transgender athletes to undergo a series of unnecessary, expensive, and sometimes unwanted surgical, medical, and legal barriers just to compete in the sport. The current policy mirrors the 2003 Stockholm Consensus, which the International Olympic Committee has since overturned, stating “to require surgical anatomical changes as a pre-condition to participation is not necessary to preserve fair competition and may be inconsistent with developing legislation and notions of human rights”.

“Sport should be a place of equal access, experience and opportunity, — regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation,” said Hudson Taylor, founder and executive director of Athlete Ally. “Current World Rugby policies do little but demean and exclude an entire group of athletes who wish to participate in the sport they love.”

Across the world, other sports federations have created affirmative policies for transgender athletes, and there has never been a reported case of these guidelines causing harm or being abused. Organizations such as the International Swimming Federation, World Archery, World Curling Federation, World Badminton Federation, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have adopted policies that mirror the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 consensus guidelines. These updated policies allow athletes to play on the team consistent with their gender identity, given their hormone levels are within the established equitable range of the gender in which they wish to compete as.

The current outdated World Rugby policies are having detrimental consequences on transgender athletes around the world. Athletes like Jean Kim, a Fordham University student and transgender female whose life was literally saved when she found rugby. Now, she’s barred from officially competing. Today, Jean has partnered with Athlete Ally to tell her story, and ask Rugby’s governing body to accept and include her in the sport she loves.

“At one of the darkest moments of my life, Rugby at Fordham provided me with a community and family that gave me the hope to live,” said Jean Kim, a transgender rugby player at Fordham University. “Today, I partner with Athlete Ally in an effort to ensure that transgender rugby players around the world are able play the sport they love, and aren’t excluded for the sole reason of living their authentic life.”

Until World Rugby aligns with the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 guidelines, transgender athletes around the world will miss out on experiencing the joys of rugby. The global community this sport impacts deserves to play this sport authentically, wholeheartedly, and without fear of discrimination.

The open Letter reads as follows:

Dear World Rugby,

We the undersigned members of the athletic community call on World Rugby to stand with its transgender athletes and immediately adopt the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 Policies^[1] related to the participation of transgender athletes in the sport.

World Rugby’s mission, vision, and values are ideals we share. We too believe in the core values of integrity, respect, solidarity, passion, and discipline. It’s because of those shared values that we write to you today. Due to your current policies pertaining to transgender athletes, World Rugby is failing to live up to these values, and is failing to lead its community. You are shutting the door on skilled athletes and talented coaches. You’ve created an atmosphere that excludes an entire community of willing participants – and that’s not the culture we envision World Rugby leading.

Current World Rugby policies require transgender athletes to undergo a series of unnecessary, expensive, and sometimes unwanted surgical, medical, and legal barriers just to compete in the sport that they love^[2]. The current policy mirrors the 2003 Stockholm Consensus, which the International Olympic Committee has since overturned, stating “to require surgical anatomical changes as a pre-condition to participation is not necessary to preserve fair competition and may be inconsistent with developing legislation and notions of human rights”.^[3]

World Rugby policies are built on principles that claim it is “A Sport For All” and a sport built on principles such as “Respect”^[4]. Requiring athletes to choose between their gender identity and their sport is counter to everything for which sport stands. This is discrimination, but it can easily be remedied.

Sports federations have already created affirmative policies for transgender athletes, and there has never been a reported case of these guidelines causing harm or being abused. Organizations such as the International Swimming Federation, World Archery, World Curling Federation, World Badminton Federation, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have adopted policies that mirror the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 consensus guidelines. These updated policies allow athletes to play on the team consistent with their gender identity, given their hormone levels are within the established equitable range of the gender in which they wish to compete as.

Until World Rugby aligns with the International Olympic Committee’s 2015 guidelines, transgender athletes around the world will miss out on experiencing the joys of rugby. We respectfully request that World Rugby immediately update their policy for transgender athletes, and align themselves with the 2015 IOC Consensus. Transgender athletes can’t wait and neither can the sport of rugby. The global community this sport impacts deserves to play this sport authentically, wholeheartedly, and without fear of discrimination.

Sincerely,

1. Jean Kim, New York Rugby Club
2. Kate Byrne, The Village Lions RFC
3. Victoria Wheeler, Sam Houston State University club women’s rugby
4. Evi Ashenbrucker, New York Rugby Club (player), KIPP NYC High School Boys (coach)
5. Caroline Scott, Tulane University Women
6. Angela Corpus, Village Lions – play; Fordham Women’s Rugby – coach
7. Erika Kocher, Village Liins RFC
8. Molly Root, Boulder Babes Rugby
9. Paige Bramblett, College of Charleston’s Women’s Rugby Club
10. Stephanie Fisher, San Antonio Riveters (player), BASIS San Antonio North Central (coach)
11. Kristin Raphel
12. Sarah Vlasak
13. Lindsay Clifford , SJFC
14. Yoshi Shapiro, NYRC
15. Ashley Gilbert
16. Brianne Gilbert
17. Gabriella Rivera, University of New Mexico
18. Emily Magee, NYRC: player, PLAY RUGBY: coach
19. Theresa Cassano, Village Lions
20. Robin Foss, SLO Beaches
21. Sara Dechance, San Luis Obispo Women’s Rugby
22. Alanna Shelley, San Luis Obispo Women’s Rugby
23. Allison Brombach, University of Alabama WRFC
24. Meagan Blocker, Central Michigan Women’s Rugby
25. Emmarie Etheridge, Village Lions
26. Julianna Wiggins
27. Julia Lisi, Carleton College Women’s Rugby
28. Sara Almidany, Women’s rugby UNM
29. Jessica Premet, USF women’s rugby coach and Tampa Krewe women’s rugby player
30. Taiana Ospina
31. Helen Moser, New York City
32. Erika Granger, New York Rugby Club
33. Ingrid Lyons
34. Yesenia Negron, Union Rugby
35. Shannon McNamara , Minnesota Valkyries Rugby Club
36. Alessandra Youth, Fordham University
37. Melanie Pastuck, New York Rugby Club
38. Nathan Lee, San antonio womens – the riveters
39. Shashana Markus, SFGG Rugby
40. Megan Banford, Village Lions RFC
41. Gissela Van, The Village Lions
42. Jessica Isaacs, Circle City Tempests
43. Holly Cuozzo, San Antonio Riveters
44. Michelle Kwandham, San Antonio women’s rugby
45. Sierra Cutler, Village Lions RFC
46. Aurora Conry, Illiana Screaming Banshees
47. Christina Kukla , Illiana Banshees
48. Abigail Froelich , Illiana Banshees
49. Stephen McAllister, NYC Touch
50. Nick Spade, Fort Wayne Women’s Rugby
51. Casey McCullough, SLO Women’s Rugby
52. TG (Brittany) Tietje, Youngstown Steel Valley Rugby Club, women’s team
53. Maggie Mouratides, Illiana Rugby – Banshees
54. Brandalyn Watts, D2 Atlanta Harlequins
55. Julie Ngo, University of New Mexico
56. Paiton daniel, Illiana Banshees
57. Yesenia Herrera, Illiana Banshees
58. Shannon Steelman , Rowan University, Colby College
59. Precious Cummings , New York Rugby
60. Essence “Chip” Bell, Ohio Elite, W1823, Scioto Valley, Tiffin Univ., Stars Rugby 7s
61. Kate Newton, San Luis Obispo Women’s Rugby Team
62. Jess Lee, SA Womens – The Riveters
63. Rico Garcia, Village Lions
64. Cara Goad, Chicago Women’s Rugby
65. Andrea Villanova, New York Rugby Club
66. Kerry Conlin, New York Rugby Club
67. Katherine Ailshire, no team affiliation
68. Hailey Billitier, Village Lions
69. Emily Hsieh, USA Rugby Referee, Brown University, Beantown
70. Brit Fryer, Gotham Knights
71. Shelby Veazey, Princeton Athletic Club
72. Jenna Wertz, Budd Bay Bandits
73. Kayla Adderley, Western Washington University Women’s Rugby, St. Paul’s Academy
74. Desiree Williams, Play for the Budd Bay Bandits, coach Budd Bay Steelheads
75. Abby Rios, County Will Morrigans
76. Dasante Browne, University of New Mexico
77. Ezra wagoner, Chuckanut Bay rugby
78. Maggie McLaughlin, Budd Bay Bandits Rugby
79. Jenn Hightower, Norfolk Storm
80. Caitria Sands, Quinnipiac Women’s Rugby
81. Noel keyes, Chuckanut Bay Rugby
82. Cassandra Schultz, Winona State Black Katy’s
83. Sydnie Lee, Chuckanut Bay Rugby Club
84. Meaghan Stuke, Budd bay bandits
85. Alexis Howell, Emerald City Mudhens
86. Abigail Cook, Quinnipiac
87. Laura Boccadoro, Darien high school club sport
88. Richard Gallina, Play & Organizational President
89. Javier Sanz, Village lions
90. Anna Harootunian, no team affiliation
91. Kim Benigsohn, no team affiliation
92. Keith Friedlander, Village Lions
93. Racheal Pederson, Chuckanut Bay Rugby Mussels
94. Liz McSpedon2, no team affiliation
95. Kristen Guernier, Village lions
96. Francois Fay, Village Lions RFC
97. JJ Darling, Village Lions
98. Lena Silberman, Cal poly women’s rugby team
99. Morgan Moulis, SLO Beaches
100. Kelly Brown, St. Louis Sabres Women’s Rugby
101. Lena Ezell, St. Louis Sabres
102. Jack Holtzman, St. Louis Sabres Rugby Football Club
103. Sarah Newton, Sabres St. Louis Womens Rugby Club
104. Elizabeth Crotty, St. Louis Sabres
105. Shelby Lin, NYRC
106. Blossom Booth, Carleton College
107. Sradha Patel, University of New Mexico Women’s Rugby
108. Kayla Potter, STL Sabres
109. Elijah Lacap, SFU Rugby
110. Eli Morrow
111. Joe D
112. Luke De Gregorio
113. Jamie King, HSU Jacks
114. Mary Haedrich, Fordham
115. Sarah Barber, Nashville Women’s Rugby Football Club (Stone Lions)
116. Alexis Laraway, Former Collegiate Rugby Player
117. Calvin Terris
118. Sarah Bogdan, Village Lions
119. Sarah Minahan, NYRC
120. Katarzyna Laczny, SFU Rugby
121. Vanessa Ryan, Fordham women’s rugby club
122. Skylar Neil, NYRC
123. Rowe Galt
124. Nancy Scuri, NYRC
125. Emily Cronin, Rochester Renegades
126. Illeen Diplan, Brockport badgers
127. Amanda Miller, Rochester Renegades
128. Vivian Smith, Fox valley vixens wrfc
129. Lauren Patterson, Bay Area Rugby Club
130. Darian Hallbauer, University of New Mexico
131. Patricia Adams, Fresno State Women’s Rugby
132. Elizabeth Kirkman, Budd Bay Bandits
133. Riley Bradford, ADFA Rugby Club, ACT, Australia
134. Rachel Valdez, Play San Antonio women’s
135. Victoria Spencer, Louisville Women’s Rugby Club
136. Abbie Oswalt, Kansas Bison
137. Ben Wagner, Lawrence Bison
138. Bianka Martinez, UIC Rugby
139. Janie Sparks, Kansas women’s Jayhawks Rugby and the Kansas City Roller Warriors
140. Rebecca Haight, Quinnipiac
141. Jennifer Robles, NIU
142. Codi Fletcher, SUNY Plattsburgh
143. Yejadai Dunn, Beantown
144. Kasch Meier, Smith College
145. Amanda Fins, Union county women’s rugby club
146. Paige Gallagher, Union county women’s rugby club
147. Mara Friedman, Rutgers women’s rugby
148. Tia Thompson, Hawaii Titahz
149. Angela Corpus, Play – Village Lions RFC; Coach – Fordham University Women’s Rugby
150. Ashley Barranzuela, Union County Women’s Rugby
151. Nicole Myers, Swilers Rugby
152. Cassie Kennedy, Newfoundland Rugby
153. Jacqueline Silva
154. Raichle Johnson, Rutland Rugby Club/University of Maine at Farmington
155. Taylor LeFevre, Rutland Women’s Rugby
156. Sarah Weinman, Rutgers University Women’s ice hockey
157. Caroline Lucy, Fordham Women’s Club Rugby
158. Lauren C, Monadnock Wolfpack RFC
159. James Johnston, Village Lions
160. Stephanie Diu, Princeton University and Village Lions
161. Hannah Rash
162. Denisse Zambon, Old Blue, Norwich University
163. Bryn Friedenberg, Penn Women’s Club Rugby
164. Lis Gallant
165. Barbara Pennington, Rutland Rugby Club
166. Kai Zook
167. Elizabeth Peralta-Reed
168. Adesuwa Wilson-Iguade, Rutgers Women’s Rowing
169. Coryelle Pondy, Yale University
170. Stephanie Greenlaw, Dallas Harlequins
171. Dylan Jacobs, Santa Barbara Rugby Academy
172. Eugene Aiken, Village Lions RFC
173. Tiara Mack, Providence Rugby
174. Tosan Tutse-Tonwe, Viral Rugby
175. Alexis Thompson, UPenn Women’s Rugby, Phoenixville Women’s Rugby
176. Catherine Nacier, Brown University
177. Emma Gallagher, Swilers RFC
178. Gabriella Moore
179. Taisha Vargas, Western Connecticut State University Women’s Rugby
180. Ari Ray, Village Lions RFC
181. Emma Gardiner, Baydogs
182. Tracy Hawkins, Mount College girls rugby, Papamoa Bulldogs, Ngongotaha Netball
183. Hannah Frank, University of Pennsylvania Women’s Rugby
184. Jenn Hightower, Norfolk Storm
185. Arielle Thomas
186. Ruth Phelps, Purdue University Women’s Rugby
187. Mason Johnson, Quinnipiac
188. Jay McFadden, Purdue Women’s Rugby
189. Kirstin Kulich, New Zealand All Blacks
190. Tristan Pickett
191. Christina Henderson, Rutland Ravens Rugby
192. Abby Moon, Purdue Rugby
193. Christine Thomas, Purdue Women’s Rugby club
194. Kate Brady, Purdue Women’s Rugby club
195. Corina Hendren, Union Mudturtles
196. Michelle Jones, Yale Women’s Rugby
197. Angela Henderson, YWRFC
198. Kelsey Morgan, NL ROCK RUBGY / Swiler club
199. Khristina Hanchett, Betterside Women’s rugby
200. Nick Lyons
201. Zach Sutton
202. Cameron Fear, Brandeis women’s and Needham high school girls
203. Willie Cabral, Nashville Grizzlies
204. Heath Martin, Oregon Sports Union (ORSU)
205. JJ Darling, Village Lions
206. Avery Salermo, Union County Women’s Rugby
207. Nick Literski
208. Kylie Tito, Waimana
209. Linsey Organ, San Luis Obispo Women’s Rugby Club
210. Ian Chaplin, Brighton & Hove Sea Serpents RFC
211. John Deptford, Liverpool Tritons RUFC
212. Simon Clark, Liverpool Tritons
213. Thomas Moorhen, Liverpool Tritons
214. Jonathan Price, Liverpool Tritons
215. Dara Squires, Dog’s Rugby
216. Kiana Edmond, Charleston Hurricanes
217. Chloe Anderson, UCSC banana slugs
218. Jennifer Cortez, Union County Women’s Rugby
219. Carl Williams, Cardiff Lions RFC
220. Anthony Policastro, RPI ’09-14
221. David Clarke, Gotham Knights RFC
222. Robert Greenawalt, Village Lions RFC
223. Rachel Perler, Yale Women’s Rugby
224. Carl Williams, Cardiff Lions RFC
225. Jo Hayes, Village Lions
226. Ryan Neill, Gotham Knights
227. Robert Greenawalt, Village Lions
228. K. Amaro, San Fernando Valley
229. Lewis Barnes, Gotham Knights
230. Alison Berk, Charleston Hurricanes
231. Pia Kahle, Rugby Welfen Braunschweig
232. Kofi Opam, Philadelphia Gryphons
233. Holly Dollimont, Newfoundland U18 team
234. Kayla Halleran, Newfoundland U18 team
235. Ann-Kathrin Kirschner, Göttingen (GER)
236. Kimiora Ngatai, Rangataua Rugby
237. Chris Collins, Washington Renegades RFC
238. Michael Foley, Seattle Quake RFC.
239. Jenna Mega, Danbury Rugby
240. Sofia Rudin, Brown University
241. Grace Hanson, Budd Bay
242. Valerie Bank, Seattle Saracens
243. Hannah Johnson, Seattle Saracens
244. Venice Wong, Used to play for the Seattle Breakers
245. Meghan Childs, Baymen Rugby & HSH Rugby
246. Kelly Lyon
247. Michael Kengmana, Gotham Knights
248. Nicole Carroll, Monmouth Renegades
249. Magnus Borsini
250. Kara Morgan, Indianapolis women’s rugby football club(Hoydens)
251. Katherine Henry, Beantown Rugby
252. Nathan Colom, Dunfermline RFC/ Manchester Village Spartans RFC
253. Patrick Button, Crescent City Rougaroux RFC
254. Russell Kingaby, Brighton and Hove Sea Serpents RFC
255. Michael Donatz, Gotham Knights RFC
256. Adam Wide, President- the Berlin Bruisers RFC
257. Erik Schoonhoven, ARC Amsterdam Lowlanders
258. Nina Corda, Union60 Bremen Rugby
259. Sophie Brakemeier, Rugby Union Marburg
260. Mikel Aristegui, Berlin Bruisers
261. Leighton Cheal, Berlin Bruisers RFC
262. Frederic von Verschuer, Berlin Bruisers
263. Colin Comfort, Berlin Bruisers RFC
264. Guillaume Carpentier, Berlin Bruisers RFC
265. Guillermo Aguilar, Berlin Bruisers
266. Dries Vanelstlande, Straffe Ketten RFC
267. Alexander Panasuk, Berlin Bruisers
268. Josh Sanders, Berlin Bruisers RFC
269. Christopher Moore, Berlin Sports Club Rugby
270. Amanda Parker, Fordham women’s
271. Monica VanBuskirk, Glendale Raptors
272. Alice Plant, Atlanta Harlequins
273. Liz Berridge, Village Lions Women
274. Lola Hourihane, Yale Women’s Rugby
275. Kerry Shields, Fordham University
276. Oliver Samuels, DRFC
277. Mike Geibel, Eckerd College
278. Haylie Samsrl, Referee
279. Sabrina White, Fordham University
280. Jessica Kurtz
281. David Achilles, Columbus Kodiaks RFC
282. Eni Katrini, Fordham University
283. Adam Falk
284. Lauren Baron, Penn women’s rugby football club
285. Claire Rhee, Alumna of Brown University
286. Alan Silver, Lumberjacks
287. Kevin Rohde, Lumberjacks
288. Kieran Holohan, Village Lions
289. Helix Holman, Lumberjacks
290. Orla maclean, Cornell University
291. Robin Kaluzniak
292. Mike Patterson, Markham Irish Canadians
293. Steve Darnell, University of South Carolina Rugby
294. Lilith South, UGA Women’s Rugby Football Club
295. Katie Peterson, UGA Women’s Rugby Football Club
296. Mary Howard, UGA Women’s Rugby Football Club
297. Jennifer Barto, UGA Women’s Rugby Football Club
298. Lee chapman, Bend Lady Roughriders
299. Margaret Pierce, UGA Women’s Rugby Football Club
300. Mackenzie Doolittle , Chicago Dragons Rugby Football Club
301. Rachel Wright, University of Surrey
302. Michael Cohen, Washington Renegades RFC
303. Emma Noble, Gotham Girls Roller Derby
304. David Zimmerman, Elgin River Rats, Larkin H.S.
305. Richard Every, USA Rugby
306. Casey Morrison, Champlain college
307. Natasha Lesnefsky, Nashville Women’s Rugby Football Club
308. Leann Bauer, Morris Rugby
309. Lindsey Stanek, Tulane Women’s Rugby
310. Jackie White, ORSU Rugby
311. Amanda Gargano, Danbury Women’s Rugby
312. Shelby Abdilah, DC Furies
313. Annie Rumler, Columbia Bombshells Women’s Rugby
314. Kay Wilson, Columbia Bombshells Women’s Rugby
315. Alison Berk, Charleston Hurricanes Women’s Rugby/ Charleston Youth Rugby
316. Jordyn Ashlock, West Linn Rugby
317. Hannah Hoover, Tulane University Women’s Rugby
318. Katherine Bitgood, Morris Women’s Rugby (NJ)
319. Avery Johnson, ORSU Rugby
320. Jacob Wingert, Milwaukee Rugby Football Club
321. Amanda Brower, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
322. Beth Kaltenbach, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
323. Sian Parker, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
324. Ivy, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
325. Kate Benedit, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
326. Rayne Trouwborst, Monmouth Women’s Rugby
327. Meagan Donovan, Monmouth
328. Srob Oberman-Breindel, New York Rugby Club
329. Maria Guerra, Union County Women’s Rugby
330. Gabriela Mobtoya
331. Victoria Steele, Union County Women’s Rugby
332. Chloe Giannone, Monmouth Rugby
333. Nicole lamparelli, Fairfield Yankees Rugby
334. Angela Francisck, Fairfield Yankees Rugby
335. Yeny Olivas, Fairfield Yankees Rugby
336. Kimberly Semiglia, Old Blue Womens Rugby
337. Corinne Heavner, Old Blue/Penn State
338. Francesca Sands, Old Blue and Dartmouth
339. Caitria Sands, Old Blue Womens Rugby
340. Sarah Buonopans, Old Blue Womens Rugby
341. Katherine Ramage, Old Blue Womens Rugby
342. Gabriella Cantorna, Old Blue Womens Rugby
343. Bernard Cantorna, State College HS
344. Danielle Walko-Siua, Old Blue
345. Ladaejah Adams, New York Rugby Club Highschool Girls
346. Mahdia Parker, New York Rugby Club
347. Shandale Ricketts, New York Rugby Club
348. Jennifer Salomon, Old Blue Rugby
349. Samantha McGann, New York Rugby Club
350. J Branson Brown, Blue Ridge Bootleggers Rugby Football Club
351. Angelica Owen, Life University Rugby
352. Lauren Dodd, Life University Rugby
353. Darian Lovelace, Life University Rugby
354. Jessi Purawic, Penn State Rugby
355. Robyn Mertz
356. Alix Coleman, Penn State Rugby
357. Cassie Stockhausen, Downingtown High School Girls Rugby
358. Gianna Solomon, Penn State Rugby
359. Sofie Mota
360. Lucian Jessel
361. Madison McCormick, PSU
362. Azniv Nalbandian, Penn State
363. Margaret Carly, Penn State Rugby
364. Alex Weisser, Penn State Rugby
365. Emily Barton, Penn State Rugby
366. Tara Pieper
367. Donna Kinsey
368. Emma Cassidy, Fordham University Women’s Rugby
369. Katie Sayer, Penn State Rugby
370. Brie Barto, Penn State Rugby
371. Julie Gould, Ventura County Women’s Rugby Club
372. Yoshi Shapiro, New York Rugby Club
373. S Gavis-Hughson, Yale Rugby

^[1]From IOC Consenus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism, November 2015, https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/Medical_commission/2015-11_ioc_consensus_meeting_on_sex_reassignment_and_hyperandrogenism-en.pdf

^[2] From World Rugby’s Player Welfare Guide: Gender Identity Disorder and Disorders of Sexual Differentiation Policy, March 2010, http://www.irbplayerwelfare.com/?documentid=1

^[3]From IOC Consenus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism, November 2015, https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/Medical_commission/2015-11_ioc_consensus_meeting_on_sex_reassignment_and_hyperandrogenism-en.pdf

^[4] From the World Rugby Charter, http://laws.worldrugby.org/?charter=3